# Database Storage and Caching

This document explains how SPARC uses PostgreSQL for storing LLM messages, enabling response caching and analytics.

## Overview

SPARC stores all LLM interactions in PostgreSQL, providing:

- **Response Caching**: Avoid redundant API calls for previously analyzed patents
- **Analytics**: Track usage patterns, token consumption, and analysis history
- **Persistence**: Maintain analysis history across sessions

SPARC supports two cache modes:

1. **Cache Mode** (default, `USE_CACHE=true`): Check database for cached responses before making API calls
2. **Fresh Mode** (`USE_CACHE=false`): Always make fresh API calls (still stores results in database)

## Setup

### 1. Start the Database

Use docker-compose to start the PostgreSQL database:

```bash
docker-compose up -d postgres
```

This will start a PostgreSQL instance accessible at `localhost:5432`.

### 2. Initialize the Database Schema

Run the initialization script to create the necessary tables:

```bash
python scripts/init_database.py
```

This creates the `llm_messages` table and indexes for efficient querying.

### 3. Configure Environment Variables

Create a `.env` file (or copy from `.env.example`):

```bash
cp .env.example .env
```

Edit `.env` and set:

```env
# Database connection (required)
DATABASE_URL=postgresql://postgres:postgres@localhost:5432/sparc

# Cache mode: use cached responses when available
USE_CACHE=true

# API key for fresh LLM calls
OPENROUTER_API_KEY=your_openrouter_key_here
```

## Usage

### Running with Cache Mode (Default)

Set `USE_CACHE=true` in your `.env` file, then run the application normally:

```bash
python main.py
```

The application will:
- Check the database for cached responses matching the request
- If found, return the cached response (no API call)
- If not found, make an API call and store the response for future use

### Running with Fresh Mode

Set `USE_CACHE=false` in your `.env` file to always get fresh responses:

```bash
python main.py
```

The application will:
- Always send messages to OpenRouter for real LLM responses
- Store all responses in the database
- Useful when you need the latest analysis or want to refresh cached data

## Viewing Analytics

### View Message Statistics

```bash
python scripts/view_analytics.py
```

Options:
- `--days N`: Analyze messages from the last N days (default: 30)

Example output:
```
SPARC Analytics - Last 30 days
======================================================================

Total Messages: 45

Messages by Company:
  nvidia: 25
  intel: 12
  amd: 8

Messages by Analysis Type:
  portfolio: 30
  single_patent: 15

======================================================================
```

### View Stored Messages

```bash
python scripts/view_messages.py
```

Options:
- `--company COMPANY`: Filter by company name
- `--type TYPE`: Filter by analysis type (single_patent or portfolio)
- `--limit N`: Maximum number of messages to display (default: 10)

Examples:
```bash
# View last 10 messages
python scripts/view_messages.py

# View all messages for nvidia
python scripts/view_messages.py --company nvidia --limit 100

# View portfolio analyses only
python scripts/view_messages.py --type portfolio
```

## Database Schema

### llm_messages Table

| Column | Type | Description |
|--------|------|-------------|
| id | SERIAL | Primary key |
| timestamp | TIMESTAMP | When the message was created |
| company_name | VARCHAR(255) | Company being analyzed |
| analysis_type | VARCHAR(50) | Type of analysis (single_patent, portfolio) |
| model | VARCHAR(100) | LLM model identifier |
| prompt | TEXT | The full prompt sent to the LLM |
| response | TEXT | The response from the LLM |
| metadata | JSONB | Additional metadata (patent IDs, content length, etc.) |
| token_usage | JSONB | Token usage statistics (when available) |
| created_at | TIMESTAMP | Record creation timestamp |

### Indexes

- `idx_messages_timestamp`: Speeds up time-based queries
- `idx_messages_company`: Speeds up company-specific queries

## Docker Compose

The included `docker-compose.yml` provides:

1. **PostgreSQL Database**:
   - Image: `postgres:16-alpine`
   - Port: `5432`
   - Credentials: postgres/postgres
   - Database: sparc
   - Persistent storage via volume

2. **Application Container** (optional):
   - Builds from Dockerfile
   - Connects to PostgreSQL
   - Mounts current directory

### Start Services

```bash
# Start just the database
docker-compose up -d postgres

# Start everything
docker-compose up -d

# View logs
docker-compose logs -f

# Stop services
docker-compose down

# Stop and remove volumes (WARNING: deletes data)
docker-compose down -v
```

## Toggling Between Modes

You can easily switch between modes by changing the `USE_CACHE` environment variable:

### Quick Toggle (temporary)

```bash
# Run with caching enabled
USE_CACHE=true python main.py

# Run with fresh API calls
USE_CACHE=false python main.py
```

### Persistent Toggle

Edit your `.env` file:

```env
# Use cached responses when available (recommended for most use)
USE_CACHE=true

# Always make fresh API calls
USE_CACHE=false
```

## Use Cases

### Cost Optimization with Caching

Cache mode reduces API costs by reusing previous analysis results:

```bash
USE_CACHE=true python main.py
```

If the same company/patent combination was analyzed before, the cached response is returned instantly.

### Fresh Analysis

When you need the latest LLM analysis (e.g., after model updates):

```bash
USE_CACHE=false python main.py
```

### Collecting Usage Analytics

The database stores all interactions, enabling analytics on:
- Which companies are analyzed most frequently
- Types of analyses performed
- Token usage and costs over time
- Response caching hit rates

### Development and Debugging

Database storage is useful for:
- Reviewing actual prompts sent to the LLM
- Analyzing response patterns
- Debugging the full pipeline end-to-end
- Understanding token usage patterns

## Troubleshooting

### Connection Refused

If you get "connection refused" errors:

1. Ensure PostgreSQL is running: `docker-compose ps`
2. Check the DATABASE_URL in your `.env` file
3. Wait for the database to be healthy: `docker-compose logs postgres`

### Schema Not Found

If you get "relation does not exist" errors:

1. Run the initialization script: `python scripts/init_database.py`
2. Verify tables were created: `docker-compose exec postgres psql -U postgres -d sparc -c "\dt"`

### Permission Denied

If you get permission errors:

1. Check your DATABASE_URL credentials match docker-compose.yml
2. Ensure the database container is running: `docker-compose up -d postgres`

## Advanced Usage

### Direct Database Access

You can access the database directly using psql:

```bash
docker-compose exec postgres psql -U postgres -d sparc
```

Example queries:

```sql
-- View all messages
SELECT id, company_name, analysis_type, timestamp FROM llm_messages ORDER BY timestamp DESC LIMIT 10;

-- Count messages by company
SELECT company_name, COUNT(*) FROM llm_messages GROUP BY company_name;

-- View recent prompts
SELECT prompt FROM llm_messages ORDER BY timestamp DESC LIMIT 5;
```

### Programmatic Access

You can use the `DatabaseClient` directly in your code:

```python
from SPARC.database import DatabaseClient
from SPARC import config

db = DatabaseClient(config.database_url)

# Get messages
messages = db.get_messages(company_name="nvidia", limit=10)

# Get analytics
analytics = db.get_analytics(days=7)

# Store a custom message
db.store_message(
    prompt="test prompt",
    response="test response",
    company_name="test",
    analysis_type="custom"
)
```